Anchor.



N0.3a1,541. PATENTED MAR.10,1908.

' R. W. BUGKLBY, Jg. l

' ANGHUR. -APPLmATmN FILED JULY 18.*190'1.

dat,

` 1HE :vonnis Psrsns co., wAsmNc'raN, n. c.

RICHARD W. BUCKLEY, JR., OF NEW YORK, N.

ANCHOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led July 18, 1907.

Patented March 10, 1908.

Serial No. 384,443.

lan anchor which may be quickly and economically constructed in varioussizes to suit the conditions under which it is to be used, and which canbe given any desired 4weight without becomingfprohibitive in cost, whileat the same time being durable and efficient.

With these general `objects in view, my invention, broadly considered,comprises an anchor having a reinforced concrete crown and fluke portionor holding member, and a' shank comprising a metallic tension member, bymeans of which the load istransmitted from the structure or element tobe anchored to the reinforced concrete crown and fluke portion.

The preferred embodimentv of my invention will now be described inconnection with the accompanying drawings, and then particularly pointedout in the claims.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a central sectional view partly inelevation, of an anchor embodying my invention. Fig. 2 a plan of thecrown and fluke portion, the shank being shown in section.

Referring to the drawings, A is a shank of metal, such, for example, asiron or steel, in the present instance, constructed ofa continuous barof metal doubled upon itself, a

loop or eye al being formed at the head for the attachment of the anchorto the cable, rod or other member it is desired to anchor. The lowerends of the rod are spread outward radially to form arms a.

Transversely to these arms are arranged suitable reinforcing devices,such as the bars C which in the present embodiment of the invention restupon the arms a', the bars being symmetrically arranged and decreasingin length from the center toward the outside of the crown and flukeportion, preferably so that the extremities of these bars liesubstantially in a circle. The outer transverse bars are preferablyencircled by the ends of the arms a.

At the head of the shank, just below the loop or eye a the shank isreinforced by a collar or band a2, and near the crown end of the shank,the said shank is reinforced by suitable means, as for example, twocollars or bands c3, a4 the former being arranged to come flush with theinside surface of the concrete.

Around the arms a and bars O is cast the concrete or similar plasticmaterial which forms the crown and fluke portion, this being preferablyconvex on its outer surface and concave on its inner surface, and havinga circular form in plan, as shown in Fig. 2. This circular concretecrown and fluke portion B is somewhat larger in diameter than thediameter of the circle in which lie the extremities of the bars C andthemar in of the concrete is protected by an annu ar curbplate indicated atD, this curb-plate having an exterior flange d and an inner flange d.This curb-plate is held to the concrete in any suitable way, butpreferably by pins d2 secured to the underside of the plate D and beddedin the concrete while the same is plastic. It is to be noted that thesepins extend into thev concrete at an angle to the face of thecurb-plate, so that the latter cannot be removed without breaking theconcrete.

It will be observed that by a construction such as above described, theload to be held is transmitted by the shank A to the reinforcing means,such as the arms a and bars O, and is then distributed by them throughthe concrete mass, thus rendering it possible to keep the strain er unitarea on the concrete within the usua limits allowed in practice.Furthermore, since the cost of concrete is low and only a com arativelysmall amount of metal is require for reinforcing it, it is possible withmy invention to employ a land anchor of dimensions much larger thanwould be commercially practicable if metal only were used, since thecost of such large masses of metal would be prohibitive. As a result ofthis possibility of largely increasing the size of the anchor, the areaof distribution may be largely increased, so that it becomes possible toobtain the desired anchorage at a less depth and in softer ground thanwould be commercially possible with anchors made wholly of metal.Furthermore, the increase of size brings with it the advantage of amaterial increase in weight, which assists in producing the requiredanchoring effect. Furthermore, by the mushroom shape of the anchor Iattain the important advantage that the earth above the anchor tends tocrowd toward the shank instead of being forced outward, thus materiallyadding to the security of the anchorage and, at the saine time, thismushroom shape becomes possible with concrete largely because of thesupport given to the outer margin of the concrete by the means forsupporting said outer margin, such as the metalhc curb-plate D, whichacts as a hoop or band to prevent the concrete margin from deectingbackward under its load with the danger of breaking.

It is to be borne in mind that the( holding area of the anchor increasesas the square of the diameter, so that the margin protected by thecurb-plate D becomes a very important factor in the amount of anchoragesurface which it furnishes.

An important feature 'of my invention which contributes largely to thesuccessful use of concrete is the use of a shank made wholly of metal,since this can be made of wrought iron or steel of high tensile strengthwithout disadvantageous increase in the total cost of the anchor, andhence can be sufficiently elastic so as to avoid the transmission ofsudden shocks or jars to the solid concrete which might otherwise beinjured thereby.

Owing to the small diameter of the shank and the concavo-convex form ofthe concrete mass, any slight change in the direction of the pull uponthe eye of the shank will not injure the anchorage, since the anchor canshift to a slight extent, rolling on its crown, thereby insuring thatthe load is transmitted always in an axial direction.

Another important advantage of a land anchor of my invention is that themetal portion 1s light enough to be readily transported,

while the holding portion, being of concrete, l

can be readily molded at the anchorage even in an earthen form or mold,thus avoiding the transportation of an integral heavy mass.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desireto secure by Letters-Patent, is

l. An anchor having a holding member of reinforced concrete providedwith a concave upper surface and means for reinforcing the margin ofsaid concrete.

2. In a land anchor, the combination, with a metallic shank, armsconnected to said shank, and bars arranged transversely to said arms, ofa mass of concrete inclosing said arms and bars. v

`3. In a land anchor, the combination, with a metallic shank, armsextending radially from said shank, and bars bearing against said arms,of a mass of concrete inclosing said arms and bars.

4. In a land anchor, the combination, with a metallic shank, armsextending radially from and formed integral with said shank, and barsarranged transversely to said arms and decreasing in length from theshank toward the outer ends of the arms, of a circular mass of concreteinclosing said arms and bars.

5. In a land anchor, the combination, with a metallic shank, of aholding member formed of reinforced concrete connected to said shank,and means independent of the reinforcing means and arranged to supportthe outer margin of the concrete.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afIix my signature in the presence of'two witnesses.

RICHARD W. BUCKLEY, JR.

Witnesses:

Josnrn P. BICKERTON, Jr., THEoDoRn S. BARNES.

